Cutaneous leishmaniasis based on climate regions in Iran (1998-2021): A systematic review and meta-analysis

Mehri Rejali; Nadia Mohammadi Dashtaki; Afshin Ebrahimi; Asieh Heidari; Mohammad Reza Maracy

doi:10.4103/abr.abr_90_21

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Year : 2022 | Volume : 11 | Issue : 1 | Page : 120

Cutaneous leishmaniasis based on climate regions in Iran (1998-2021): A systematic review and meta-analysis

Mehri Rejali¹, Nadia Mohammadi Dashtaki¹, Afshin Ebrahimi², Asieh Heidari³, Mohammad Reza Maracy⁴
¹ Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Health, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
² Environmental Health Engineering, School of Health; Environment Research Center, Research Institute for Primordial Prevention of Non-communicable Disease, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
³ Environment Research Center, Research Institute for Primordial Prevention of Non-communicable Disease; Skin Diseases and Leishmaniasis Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
⁴ Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Health, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences; Environment Research Center, Research Institute for Primordial Prevention of Non-communicable Disease, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran

Correspondence Address:
Dr. Mohammad Reza Maracy
Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Health, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran. Environment Research Center, Research Institute for Primordial Prevention of Noncommunicable Diseases, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan
Iran

Source of Support: None, Conflict of Interest: None

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DOI: 10.4103/abr.abr_90_21

Background: Climate change can facilitate the expansion of leishmaniasis and create the suitable habitat for vector and reservoir species. The objective of this study was to estimate the prevalence of cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) at the climatic regions of Iran. Materials and Methods: The literature search was conducted to identify all published studies reporting the prevalence or incidence of CL in humans in Iran. A total of 350 articles that reported leishmaniasis in Iran were retrieved, due to eligibility criteria, only 42 studies were selected to the final systematic review and meta-analysis procedure. Random effects meta-analysis was done with the estimate of heterogeneity being taken from an inverse-variance model. Subgroup analysis was conducted and it stratified the studies according to climatic regions. Between-study heterogeneity was assessed by using I² and Cochran's Q method I² value of heterogeneity. Meta regression was used to investigate factors potentially contributed the between-study heterogeneity. Results: Individual studies showed that prevalence per 100,000 population estimated the range from 1.5 to 318.7 with the overall random pooled prevalence of 83.3 (95% confidence interval 74.5–92.1). Subgroup analysis by climatic regions showed that many studies were conducted in the desert areas and also, it has more prevalent than the other climatic regions. Conclusions: Leishmaniasis was more prevalent in regions with dry and desert climates than the other climatic regions. One of the advantages of this work is that the majority of selected studies have been conducted on population-base. However, some of the studies have been designed poorly or have had a lack of internal validity.

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